Currently in the United States there exists a system for the election of the President called the Electoral College. This system was put in place by our founding fathers to create a point of balance between presidential election by Congress and presidential election by popular vote. Now when citizens of the 50 US states and Washington DC cast their votes for President and Vice-President they are actually voting for a set of electors who can cast their electoral votes in favor of a candidate, theoretically the candidate that wins the popular vote of a state should also win that states electoral votes.
This system is heavily flawed though, a candidate only needs 270 electoral votes to win the Presidency and this creates a problem of representation. If a candidate can win only 12 states electoral votes (24% of the country) and the candidate wins each state by only a slight margin (reflecting the will of only 85 million people) the President of the United States could be determined by the will of only 27% of the US population. This is a legitimate and real danger of the Electoral College.
The current system also seems to reduce voter turnout by drastically weakening the strength of a single vote. If a candidate only needs a slight majority to win a states electoral votes then any votes beyond that are superfluous. Furthermore, in several states the electors are not explicitly bound to cast their votes in line with the majority, a persons vote may not even matter in some cases.
I strongly suggest that the Electoral College be replaced by a new and better thought out system. Presidential Candidates should be determined by a popular vote which represents the actual majority of the nations population. Their Vice-Presidents should be Representatives of the minority vote so that all voters are represented. Presidential candidates should not run on the same ticket with VP's, there should only be Presidential candidates. Between two candidates the majority vote determines the President and the other candidate becomes Vice-President.
